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EuroPAM

EuroPAM is a comprehensive assessment designed to provide detailed information on various accountability mechanisms across European countries. It is primarily used to determine the strength of a country's legal framework vis-a-vis international best practices in areas that are deemed relevant to prevent and detect corruption such as access to information, political finance, and asset disclosure, among others. More information regarding the methodology can be found at: http://europam.eu/?module=methodology

Indicators

COI-Score Conflict of Interest Score

Strength of the legal framework on conflict of interest

COI-1 Restrictions

This indicator captures whether the existing legislation restricts specific variations of conflict of interest such as accepting gifts, private firm/stock ownership, holding government contracts, etc.

COI-2 Sanctions

This indicator captures whether the existing legislation stipulates fines, penal sanctions, or administrative sanctions for violations of COI regulations restricting behavior

COI-3 Monitoring and Oversight

This indicator captures whether the existing legislation incorporates designates specific monitoring and enforcement bodies for matters of conflict of interest.

FD-score Financial Disclosure Score

Strength of the legal framework on financial disclosure for politicians

FD-1 Financial Disclosure for Head of State

This indicator evaluates various aspects of financial disclosure for Heads of State, including the items required to be disclosed, the frequency of filing, the sanctions for non-compliance, the mechanisms for monitoring and oversight, and public access to the declarations

FD-2 Financial Disclosure for Ministers

This indicator evaluates various aspects of financial disclosure for Ministers, including the items required to be disclosed, the frequency of filing, the sanctions for non-compliance, the mechanisms for monitoring and oversight, and public access to the declarations

FD-3 Financial Disclosure for Members of Parliament

This indicator evaluates various aspects of financial disclosure for members of Parliament, including the items required to be disclosed, the frequency of filing, the sanctions for non-compliance, the mechanisms for monitoring and oversight, and public access to the declarations

FD-4 Financial Disclosure for Civil servants

This indicator evaluates various aspects of financial disclosure for civil servants, including the items required to be disclosed, the frequency of filing, the sanctions for non-compliance, the mechanisms for monitoring and oversight, and public access to the declarations

FOI-Score Freedom of Information Score

Strength of the legal framework on access to information

FOI-1 Scope and coverage

This indicator assesses the scope of public information disclosure, including the coverage of both public and private sectors, and the access to specific documents, whether subject to reactive and/or proactive disclosure

FOI-2 Information access and release

This indicator evaluates existing procedures to access public information and the deadlines for its release

FOI-3 Exceptions and Overrides

This indicator assesses exemptions to disclosure and the availability of appeals processes

FOI-4 Sanctions for non-compliance

This indicator assesses the presence of specified sanctions for violations of disclosure requirements, including administrative sanctions, fines, and criminal sanctions

FOI-5 Monitoring and Oversight

This indicator evaluates the existence of institutional mechanisms to support the implementation of disclosure requirements, including the mandatory appointment of information officers in public agencies, the designation of a public body responsible for applying sanctions, the presence of a public body dedicated to public outreach, the establishment of a nodal agency for RTI implementation support and compliance, the legal specification of the Ombudsman's involvement in implementation, and the requirement for reporting data and/or implementation.

PF-Score Political Financing Score

Strength of the legal framework on campaign and political financing

PF-1 Bans and limits on private income

This indicator captures whether the existing legislation contemplates bans on private donations, including from foreign interests, corporations, trade unions, and anonymous sources.

PF-2 Public funding

This indicator captures whether the existing legislation incorporates provisions to determine eligibility for public funding to political parties and how public funding is allocated. Additionally, the indicator considers whether public funding to political parties incorporates provisions to foster gender equality among political parties and candidates.

PF-3 Regulations on spending

This indicator captures whether the existing legislation incorporates limits on spending and bans certain expenditures including vote-buying or the use of state resources to favor or disadvantage specific political parties or candidates.

PF-4 Reporting, oversight and sanctions

This indicator captures whether the existing legislation defines specific reporting standards for political parties and campaign expenditures, as well as the existence of an adequate institutional framework to examine financial reports, investigate violations, and sanction political parties in case of infractions.

PP-Score Public Procurement Score

Strength of the legal framework on public procurement

PP-1 Scope and coverage

This indicator captures mainly the existing thresholds above which the public procurement regulation applies in different sectors and types of products.

PP-2 Information availability

This indicator captures the amount of information available online to trace the different stages of the procurement process, from tendering to contracting.

PP-3 Evaluation

This indicator captures whether the existing legislation establishes specific criteria to evaluate the bids received and avoid preferential treatment. This includes, among others, reasons for exclusion, clauses that favour national companies over international ones.

PP-4 Open competition

This indicator captures the extent to which the existing legal framework in a country helps guarantee open and competitive procurement procedures by ensuring the publication of the terms of reference, requiring a minimum number of bidders, and defining the minimum number of days that bidding processes remain open.

PP-5 Institutional arrangements

This indicator captures whether the existing legislation in a country establishes an institutional framework to regulate public procurement and process complaints.